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Section Sabaoth to Saints

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A key-word search index to the contents of this site, entries that begin with the letter S, section Sabaoth to Saints. (The other sections under S are Salem to Saraphs, Sardis to Seditions, Seed to Shushan, Sick to Sins, Sion to Speaking, Spirit to Structures and Studies to Syriac.)

(Previous section: River to RWBS.) (Index overview.)

Sabaoth (tsabaoh, sebaoth, tsebaoth) – Look under the heading "Omnipotent".

Sabbath, sabbatarian, sabbatarians, sabbaths, sabbath-keeping, sabbatical

• A clarification of the actual nature of the sabbatismos or Rest of Hebrews 4:9. → ex11b.htm – Look also below, under the heading "Sabbatismos".
• On the symbolism of the Sabbath, the Old Covenant's weekly, ritual day of rest, and what it really pointed to. → ex03c.htm – ex11b.htm – eb05b.htm
• Shabath, shabbath, shabbathown. → ex03c.htm
• What day or days should believers observe? → ex10d.htm – ea04c.htm – ex11b.htm – Regarding the Decalogue, see the essay ec06f.htm.
• What day of the week should one worship on? → ea04c.htm – ex10d.htm – Look also under the heading "High days".
• Is Isaiah 58:13 about the weekly Sabbath – or is it about one of the Old Covenant's annual Sabbaths? → ex03c.htm
• Some claim that one should keep the Sabbath or other high days, as a means for gaining salvation. What does the Bible really say about that? → ex10d.htm – ea04c.htm
• The apostle Paul wrote to the saints in Colosse, "let no man therefore judge you in meat, or in drink, or in respect of an holyday, or of the new moon, or of the sabbath days" (Colossians 2:16). What did he mean? → eo07d.htm
• Land sabbath
  • The Old Covenant stipulated a "land sabbath" (Leviticus 25:1-5) – agricultural was to be allowed to "rest", each seventh year.
  • Land sabbath mentioned in 2 Chronicles 36:20-21: "He took into exile in Babylon those who had escaped from the sword, and they became servants to him and to his sons until the establishment of the kingdom of Persia, to fulfil the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had made up for its sabbaths. All the days that it lay desolate it kept sabbath, to fulfil seventy years". → ey05c.htm
• Look also under the heading "Sabbatismos" (below) and under the heading "High days".
• For more, see the other parts of this multi-page index, or use the search function.

Sabbatismos, the Rest of Hebrews 4:9.

• The word sabbatismos (σαββατισμος) occurs only was once in the Greek text of the NT, in Hebrews 4:9. It is a mix of Hebrew and Greek, consisting of the old Hebrew verb shabath, "to rest", and the Greek suffix -mos which in this case corresponds to the English suffix "-ing". In other words: The word sabbatismos simply means "a resting" – that is, "a rest" – but it is important to understand that in Hebrews 4:9 it refers to a place of rest. See the next point:
• The "Rest" (sabbatismos) of Hebrews 4:9 was a place of rest – something that one could enter. For understanding this, read Hebrews 3:11 and 18, and 4:3, 5, 8, 10 and 11 which talk about "entering a Rest", and compare those passages with Deuteronomy 12:9 and Joshua 1:15, 22:4 and 23:1 where the word "rest" referred to the earthly Promised Land as a place of rest. (For more on this, see the essay ex11b.htm.)
• In the epistle to the Hebrews, the apostle Paul repeatedly wrote about "entering a Rest" (a place of Rest), and warned the saints that some might not be allowed to enter. He was talking about a heavenly Place of Rest – that is, a heavenly Promised Land. Joshua had taken ancient Israel to an earthly Promised Land (see Deuteronomy 12:9 and Joshua 1:15, 22:4 and 23:1, and Hebrews 4:8), but the saints had been promised a heavenly Land (the one mentioned in Hebrews 11:16). For more on this, and on what the apostle Paul meant by the words katapausis and katapauô in the letter to the Hebrews, see the essay ex11b.htm. The essay ex03c.htm considers the symbolism of the Old Covenant's weekly, ritual day of rest, the Sabbath.
• Look also above, under the heading "Sabbath".
• For more, see the other parts of this multi-page index, or use the search function.

Sacerdos, sacerdotalis

• The officiants of the Roman idol religion were called sacerdos. The Catholic Church replaced the Latin word sacerdos by the Greek-based presbyter – but that was only a change of the name for those idol worship officiants, and not a change of religion. – Look also under the headings "Priest" and "Presbyter".
• In order to be a sacerdos (an officiant of the Roman idols), one had to "receive the orders" (be initiated as an officiant of the Roman gods – receive the ordo sacerdotalis, as the Catholics now call it). Many bible-translations contain wordings that make it seem that "ordaining" and "orders" were something that the saints practised, but that is not so; the Greek text of the New Testament gives no support for such concepts. The ordo sacerdotalis, and any sacerdos who has it, is connected to old Roman idol worship and has nothing to do with the NT or with the saints. → ee02b.htm – Look also under the headings "Priest" and "Presbyter".
• For more, see the other parts of this multi-page index, or use the search function.

Sacrament, Sacraments, "the seven Sacraments"

• "The Seven Sacraments" are a Catholic dogma and thus not a matter for discussion at this site. However, certain documents at this site mention matters that are in some way related to some of those "Sacraments".
  1. "Baptism". → (Infant baptism is not a biblical concept.) – On baptism and related matters. → (eb01c.htm)
  2. "Confirmation". – (Not a biblical concept.)
  3. "Holy Eucharist". – Not a biblical concept. – Look under the heading "Eucharist".
  4. "Penance". – (Not a biblical concept.)
  5. "Extreme unction". – (Not a biblical concept. Among the saints, there was anointing of the sick, but it led to that the sick were made whole.)
  6. "Orders". – Not a biblical concept. For bible facts, see the essay ee02b.htm. – Look also above, under the heading "Sacerdos".
  7. "Matrimony". – Marriage is a biblical concept, but church weddings are not. – Look under the heading "Marriage".
• For more, see the other parts of this multi-page index, or use the search function.

Sacred, sacredness

• "The sacred stone that fell from the sky" (Acts 19:35). → ea14c.htm
• Did the Jews have "oral instructions" regarding "a sacred calendar"? → ex09c.htm – ex02c.htm
• Some Anglo-Israelists claim that the prophet Jeremiah supposedly took a "sacred stone related to the kingly line", from Egypt to Ireland. Is that true? → ey14b.htm – ey12b.htm – ey15c.htm
• Look also under the headings "Holy, holiness", "Hallow, hallowed", "Sanctification", "Saint, saints, sainthood" and "Righteous, righteousness".
• Regarding the dogmas about "Sacred Names" or "True Names":
  • The "Sacred Names" movement comes from a split of Seventh Day Adventism, which in its turn was a split of the Millerist movement that was started by the Freemason and Baptist preacher William Miller (1782-1849).
  • More exactly: It appears that the "Sacred Names" dogma was invented by the preacher Clarence Orvil Dodd, or Andrew Nugent Dugger, or by both in co-operation. A. N. Dugger and C. O. Dodd had been members of "the Church of God (Seventh Day)" of Salem, West Virginia, a split from post-Millerist Seventh Day Adventism. Dugger and Dodd claimed that both the Old and New Testaments have been forged, so that the "original" names for God the Father and his son Jesus have been "altered", from some supposed, earlier sacred names. However, there is no whatsoever textual, historical or scriptural evidence of any such thing.
  • The movement that Dugger and Dodd started, was later split into many different fractions which are not in agreement. Each group has its each own ideas as to what the "Sacred Names" are supposed to be. Because of that, there are countless different "Sacred Names", each different from the other.
  • Regarding Miller's dogma about "church eras", which Dugger and Dodd later modified and "refined", see the essay ea03d.htm.
  • Many of the fractions of the "Sacred Names movement" talk about "returning to Hebrew roots", and try to cause people to begin keeping the rules of Old Covenant. For more on the matter of the two covenants, old and new, look under the heading "Covenants".
• For more, see the other parts of this multi-page index, or use the search function.

Sacrifice, sacrificed, sacrificing (offer, offers, offerings)

• A note: "Sacrifice" is the same as "offering". In the biblical context, the words "sacrifice" and "offer" ("offering") are synonyms and point to the Old Covenant's burned offerings; the same goes for "offered" and "sacrificed", as well as and "offering" and "sacrificing".
• The custom of "giving offerings in church" is of Catholic origin and has nothing to do with what the New Testament teaches. The New Covenant has no sacrifices (offerings), other than that which Jesus performed. For more on this, see the essay ea04c.htm. Regarding monetary things in connection with religious matters, look under the heading "Silver and gold". Regarding the matter of the covenants (old and new), look under the heading "Covenants".
• The New Covenant has no offerings (sacrifices) of the kind the Old Covenant had. → ea04c.htm
• The Old Covenant's Passover-lambs were symbolic of Jesus and his sacrifice. → ec04g.htm
• Paul to the Jewish saints: "Through him then, let us continually offer up a sacrifice of praise to God, that is, the fruit of lips that give thanks to his name" (Hebrews 13:15). → ea04c.htm – eb11c.htm
• Paul to the saints in Rome: "Therefore, brothers, I call on you through the compassions of God to present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, pleasing to God" (Romans 12:1). → ea04c.htm
• Paul to the Jewish saints: "Do not neglect to do good and to share what you have, for such sacrifices are pleasing to God" (Hebrews 13:16). → em07b.htm
• The apostles were as "seeds" that had been sown. In order to produce fruit, they had to sacrifice their own lives – give up their own interests. Or else, they became unfruitful. → em08c.htm
• Have the Old Covenant's offerings (sacrifices) been "spiritualised" into monetary gifts? In other words: Should believers give "offerings" to some church or preacher? – Look under the heading "Silver and gold".
• Philippians 4:18 – Using flowery language, Paul called the things the saints in Philippi had sent to him when he was in prison, "an odour of a sweet smell, a sacrifice acceptable, wellpleasing to God". → em10b.htm
• Galatians 4:19 mentions an "added law". Some preachers have claimed that that refers to "added rituals", such as sacrifices, but that is not true. → ec10c.htm
• Should believers eat foods that have been offered (sacrificed, dedicated) to idols? → ef03b.htm
• The apostle Peter wrote to some saints, and, using symbolic language, said that they were, "as living stones" being built up as "a spiritual house" and "a holy priesthood", "to offer up spiritual sacrifices". → eo03d.htm
• In Revelation 14:4, the Greek word which many translate as "first fruits" or "firstfruits" was aparchê which really had the meaning "the beginning of a sacrifice", "the firstlings for sacrifice", "the first-fruits". → et03c.htm
• Many of the Old Covenant's sacrifices contained salt. What did that symbolise? → eo14c.htm
• "Ezekiel's temple" (Ezekiel 40 to 48), including the temple outline and the sacrifices mentioned in those chapters. What was the prophet talking about – what did that vision really refer to? → eo17b.htm
• On the symbolism of the goats on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:8, 10 and 26), one that was sacrificed, and one that (as old Jewish writings show) was thrust down from a cliff, to its death. → ex05b.htm – ec05c.htm
• On the symbolism of the wave sacrifice of barley that was made during the Days of Unleavened bread. → ex01c.htm – ex02c.htm – ex09c.htm
• On the symbolism of the wave loaf sacrifice that was made on Pentecost. → ex02c.htm – ex01c.htm
• During the Feast of Booths, there was a ritual encircling of the altar, with trumpet sounding. Boughs of willow branches were attached to the altar. Water was ritually poured out by the altar. On the seventh and last day, the people beat the palm leaves which they held in their hands, into pieces, by the side of the altar. → ex06c.htm – ex07c.htm – (ex08c.htm)
• "Joshua 5 and the wave sacrifice" (a matter peripherally connected to the reckoning of the Jewish high days). → ex09c.htm
• In old Rome, the mid-winter festival which today is celebrated as "Christmas", was started with a cry of "Io Saturnalia", and with a sacrifice of pigs at Saturn's temple. → ew05c.htm
• Look also under the headings "Offer", "Altar" and "Worship".
• For more, see the other parts of this multi-page index, or use the search function.

Sadducee, Sadducees, Saddukaios, Saddukaioi

• The Sadducees: Who and how were they really? Also: Who were the Herodians and the Boethusians? → eo13b.htm
• On the rivalry between the Pharisees and the Sadducees. → eo13b.htm
• The "leaven" of the Sadducees, the Pharisees and Herod. → eo13b.htm – eo12c.htm – ex01c.htm
• For more, see the other parts of this multi-page index, or use the search function.

Saint, sainthood, saints

• On the word and concept "saint": In the NT, the Greek word in question is hagios, related to hagizô (hagiazô) which had to do with devoting, dedicating, separating. In short: The saints (Greek, hagioi) had been separated from this world, to God and his son Jesus. Fore more details, see the essay eg03c.htm.
• Who is a saint, what is a saint, how does one become a saint? → eg03c.htm
• When the New Testament talks about "saints" and "disciples", that refers to people of the first century. → eg03c.htm – eg02c.htm
• The word "saint" as a "title", such as "Saint Peter", "Saint John", "Saint Paul", and so on – Look under the headings "Peter", "John", "Paul" and so on – for finding them, use the index overview.
• Regarding saints in some city, such as "the saints in Philadelphia", "the saints in Ephesus" and so on – look under the headings "Philadelphia", "Ephesus" and so on.
• Look also under the headings "Sanctification", "Holy, holiness", "Sacred, sacredness", "Hallow, hallowed" and "Righteous, righteousness".
• Who is a saint, what is a saint, how does one become a saint? → eg03c.htm
• When were the saints raised up from the dead? → eb09c.htm
• Are there saints here on Earth, in our day? → eg03c.htm
• Who are the 144,000 saints of Revelation 14:1-4? → et03c.htm
• What happened to the saints, in the first century? Also, some notes on the "early church". → eg04b.htm
• What the Scriptures say about the saints' calling, election, sanctification and justification. → eb02c.htm
• The saints as God's firstfruit (Romans 8:23, Revelation 14:1-4 and so on). → et03c.htm
• The saints serving God in his Temple. Also, regarding the phrase "royal priesthood". → eo03d.htm
• Were the saints to go to Heaven? And if so, when, and for how long? → eb04c.htm
• The saints' promised Rest and Inheritance. → eb05b.htm
• The saints received the Holy Spirit as a "pledge". → eb01c.htm
• Signs which were seen when the saints received the Holy Spirit. → eb01c.htm
• The sealing the saints received. → eb01c.htm – et03c.htm – ec09b.htm – eb07d.htm
• The "anointing" (chrisma) which the saints received. → eb01c.htm
• What was the role of elders in the saints' fellowships? → ee01c.htm
• Was there a "hierarchy" with "ranks", among the saints? → ee01c.htm
• Did the saints practise "ordination"? Did they have a "clergy" and priests? → ee02b.htm
• How the saints chose their elders. → ee02b.htm
• When the saints received the Holy Spirit, they were changed; the fruit of the Spirit was seen in their lives. But today, when people are baptised, they are not notably changed and no obvious signs or fruit of the Spirit are seen in their lives. Why is that? Is the Spirit of God at all given to humans, at this present time? → eb01c.htm
• Were elders in the saints' fellowships "servant leaders"? → ee03c.htm
• Did the saints have a "paid ministry"? – Look under the heading "Silver and gold".
• Were the saints "ruled" by elders? → ee04c.htm
• What kind of people were the saints told to mark and avoid and cast out and deny fellowship to? → ea10c.htm
• How the saints took care of the elderly, the sick and the needy. → em07b.htm
• How the saints inherited the Promises given to Abraham. → eb05b.htm
• Did the saints call themselves "Christians"? This paper gives answers to those questions. → eg07b.htm
• Is some church "the mother of all saints", as some claim? → ea02d.htm
• Could the saints sit in idols' temples, or eat foods which had been offered to idols? → ef03b.htm
• The apostle Paul wrote that the saints were not under law. What did he mean? → ec12c.htm
• The saints at God's throne. → eb04c.htm – eb05b.htm
• The saints and parousia or "rapture". → eg05b.htm
• The apostle Paul told the saints to imitate his example. Exactly what was that example? → em03c.htm
• Look also under the headings "Sanctification", "Holy, holiness", "Sacred, sacredness" and "Hallow, hallowed".
• For more, see the other parts of this multi-page index, or use the search function.

(Next section: Salem to Saraphs.) (Index overview.)

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Some part of this multi-page key-word index was changed or modified 2010-03-12.